This Week’s Discoveries
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Laura Bertola - Instititute of Environmental Sciences (CML)
"Lion genetics: a window to the past, a glimpse of the future"
The lion is one of the most famous and charismatic predators in the world. Presently, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) distinguishes two subspecies, the African and the Asiatic lion. However, this taxonomic division does not fully reflect the genetic variation which is present in the species. Genetic data can give insight into the “true” diversity of a species and can form a rational basis to prioritize populations for conservation efforts. Eventually, it could even result in a revision of the existing taxonomy. Data based on mitochondrial DNA sequences show that lions from West and Central Africa show a remarkably close genetic relationship to lions from India. This pattern can be explained by the climatological history of West and Central Africa, which has been characterized by a period of extreme drought in the late Pleistocene (40-18 kya). The DNA data suggest that in this period lions got locally extinct and the region was subsequently colonized by the current day extinct lions from the Middle East, and not from populations in East and South Africa. The West and Central African lion populations also show less genetic diversity than the populations from South and East Africa, fitting well in a scenario in which they represent an evolutionary younger clade. To further support this hypothesis, we will use ancient DNA methods on samples from nowadays extinct lion populations in northern Africa and the Middle East. In the view of the low genetic variation and the generally small population size in West and Central Africa, we suggest that within population diversity in West and Central Africa is limited, compared to East Africa. This can lead to an increased danger of inbreeding and probably even extinction of the lion in this region. A number of populations has been sampled in Cameroon and in Kenya and variation within these populations will be quantified based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers (microsatellites, SNPs). In order to conserve the genetic diversity within the species, genetically distinct lineages should be prioritised. Understanding the geographic pattern of genetic diversity is key to developing conservation strategies, both for in situ management as well as for breeding of captive stocks.
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The DNA data suggest that in this period lions got locally extinct and the region was subsequently colonized by the current day extinct lions from the Middle East, and not from populations in East and South Africa. Mail Forwarding
To further support this hypothesis, we will use ancient DNA methods on samples from nowadays extinct lion populations in northern Africa and the Middle East. internet marketing los angeles
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